The Mutant Selection Window (MSW) claims that selection for resistance begins only after the minimum inhibitory concentration, but there is no rationale behind it and no data to support it. Here we exposed *E. coli* to different antibiotic concentrations to measure which leads to fastest adaptation, and underpin the genetic mechanism.
The abundance of AcrAB-TolC protein seldom correlates with the number copies of _acr_ operons in _Escherichia coli_. The regulation of this efflux pump is complex, so to understand this phenomenon I modelled its entire regulatory network.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis posuere tellus ac convallis placerat. Proin tincidunt magna sed ex sollicitudin condimentum.
Mathematically speaking, it is self-evident that the optimal control of complex, dynamical systems with many interacting components cannot be achieved with ‘non-responsive’ control strategies that are constant through time. Although there are notable …