Genomics

Writing algorithms to screen through 2,000+ farm and human isolates and predict antibiotic resistance from their genomes---without requiring a reference genome.

The Mutant Selection Window (MSW) claims that selection for resistance begins only after the minimum inhibitory concentration, but there is no rationale behind it and no data to support it. Here we exposed *E. coli* to different antibiotic concentrations to measure which leads to fastest adaptation, and underpin the genetic mechanism.